Multidimensional scaling.

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . 608 A NEW TAXONOMY OF MEASUREMENT DATA AND OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT MODELS .............. ............ 608 ONE-MODE TWO-WAY DATA.................................................................................. 612 Spatial Distance Models (for One-mode Two-way Data}.......................................... 612 Unconstrained symmetric distance models (jor one-mode two-way data) ........................ 613 Constrained symmetric Euclidean models (for one-mode two-way data}.......................... 619 Unconstrained nonsymmetric Euclidean models (jor one-mode two-way data) .......... ...... 619 Scalar Product (Spatial but Nondistance) Models (for One-mode Two-way Data).. 621 Nonspatial Distance Models (for One-mode Two-way Data) .................................... 622 Hybrid Distance Models (for One-mode Two-way Data}.......................................... 624 TWO-MODE TWO-WAY DATA ................................................................................ 624 Spatial Distance Models (for Two-mode Two-way Data}.......................................... 625 Internal (unconstrained) distance models (jar two-mode two-way data) .......................... 625 External (constrained) distance models (for two-mode two-way data) ............................ 626 Scalar Product Models (for Two-mode Two-way Data}............................................ 627 Internal (unconstrained) models (for two-mode two-way data) ...................................... 627 External (constrained) models (for two-mode two-way data}.......................................... 628 Nonspatial Distance Models (for Two-mode Two-way Data}.................................... 630 TWO-MODE THREE-WAY DATA ............................................................................ 630 Spatial Distance Models (for Two-mode Three-way Data) ...................................... 630 Unconstrained symmetric Euclidean models (for two-mode three-way data) .................... 630 Applications of two-mode three-way symmetric Euclidean models .................................. 633 Constrained symmetric Euclidean models (jar two-mode three-way data}........................ 633 Nonsymmetric Euclidean models (jor two-mode three-way data}.................................... 634 Scalar Product Models (for Two-mode Three-way Data) ........................................ 634 THREE-MODE THREE-WAY DATA ........................................................................ 635 Spatial Distance Models (for Three-mode Three-way Data) ......... ........................... 635 Scalar Product Models (for Three-mode Three-way Data) ...................................... 635 HIGHER-WAY DATA .................................... ............................................... ,.............. 636